Cows have complex social lives that necessitate substantial intellectual ability. They form deep friendships and strong family bonds. They are  emotional and display a wide range of personalities. You can learn more about them here and here. Did you know that they have "eureka moments" upon achieving goals? This review article summarizes some of the scientific knowledge about the cognitive, emotional, and social characteristics of cows. On a more personal level, meeting some of the individual cows now living on sanctuaries will help you appreciate their true natures. 

​Unfortunately, when cows are raised for meat or dairy,  they suffer immensely. Here is some additional information about what cows raised for meat and dairy have to endure. 

For many people on the path to becoming vegan, giving up dairy products is often one of the last and most difficult hurdles. If this resonates with you, you may want to learn more about why consuming dairy products is harmful.

HUMAN HEALTH:

Lactose Intolerance

​NutritionFacts.org on Dairy

ANIMAL WELFARE:

Cows Raised for "Meat"
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Cows Raised for “Milk”

10 Dairy Facts the Industry Doesn’t Want You to Know (contains some disturbing images)

Do Humane Dairy Farms Exist? The Truth About Milk

ENVIRONMENT:

What are the Environmental Impacts of Dairy Farming?